Growth hormone 1
Somatotropin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH1 gene.[1]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the somatotropin/prolactin family of hormones that play an important role in growth control. The gene, along with four other related genes, is located at the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17 where they are interspersed in the same transcriptional orientation, an arrangement thought to have evolved by a series of gene duplications. The five genes share a remarkably high degree of sequence identity. Alternative splicing generates additional isoforms of each of the five growth hormones, leading to further diversity and potential for specialization. This particular family member is expressed in the pituitary but not in placental tissue as is the case for the other four genes in the growth hormone locus. Mutations in or deletions of the gene lead to growth hormone deficiency and short stature.[2]
See also
References
Further reading
- Binder G (2003). "Isolated growth hormone deficiency and the GH-1 gene: update 2002.". Horm. Res. 58 Suppl 3: 2–6. PMID 12435888.
- Waxman DJ, O'Connor C (2007). "Growth hormone regulation of sex-dependent liver gene expression.". Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (11): 2613–29. doi:10.1210/me.2006-0007. PMID 16543404.
- Cattini PA, Yang X, Jin Y, Detillieux KA (2006). "Regulation of the human growth hormone gene family: possible role for Pit-1 in early stages of pituitary-specific expression and repression.". Neuroendocrinology 83 (3–4): 145–53. doi:10.1159/000095522. PMID 17047377.
- Wagner K, Hemminki K, Försti A (2007). "The GH1/IGF-1 axis polymorphisms and their impact on breast cancer development". Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 104 (3): 233–48. doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9411-9. PMID 17082888.
PDB gallery
|
|
|
1a22: HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE BOUND TO SINGLE RECEPTOR
|
|
1axi: STRUCTURAL PLASTICITY AT THE HGH:HGHBP INTERFACE
|
|
1bp3: THE XRAY STRUCTURE OF A GROWTH HORMONE-PROLACTIN RECEPTOR COMPLEX
|
|
1hgu: HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
|
|
1huw: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AFFINITY-MATURED HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AT 2 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
|
|
1hwg: 1:2 COMPLEX OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE WITH ITS SOLUBLE BINDING PROTEIN
|
|
1hwh: 1:1 COMPLEX OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE MUTANT G120R WITH ITS SOLUBLE BINDING PROTEIN
|
|
1kf9: PHAGE DISPLAY DERIVED VARIANT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE COMPLEXED WITH TWO COPIES OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF ITS RECEPTOR
|
|
3hhr: HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF ITS RECEPTOR: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX
|
|
|
|